1819 & Before Linda Bendikson and first Black woman elected

and first Black woman elected to the board of the White House Correspondents Association -Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor

and the Tokyo Rose treason trial of 1949

misleading conclusions that impair sound policy and scholarship

Environmentalists have lauded the Amish as iconic models for a way of life that is local

teenagers and adults

1819 & Before Linda Bendikson and first Black woman electedThe essays published here began as a series of lectures commemorating the bicentennial of Thomas Stamford Raffles's establishment of a British Station in 1819. The essays draw on thirty five years of archaeological investigations on and around Fort Canning, new readings of the Malay Annals, early Chinese records reporting Singapore, and the Portuguese and Dutch records to probe and challenge our understanding of Singapore's history before Raffles.